Inside Zaha Hadid Architects’ $12.5 billion plan to build Africa’s largest airport with a one-of-a-kind terminal garden to rival Doha and Singapore

Ethiopia is staking $12.5 billion on an airport that could redraw Africa’s aviation map and turn Addis Ababa into a global crossroads.

At its heart will rise the Central Beacon, a tower-like structure with a 60-metre interior atrium that its designers say will be the tallest in any airport worldwide.

The landmark will anchor Bishoftu International Airport, a vast new Ethiopian Airlines gateway led by DAR and designed by Zaha Hadid Architects to handle tens of millions of travellers each year.

Italian architecture and design magazine Domus revealed fresh details of the project on July 21, 2026, after speaking with Zaha Hadid Architects.

Crucially, Bishoftu is planned as more than a place to board a flight, with its Great Rift Valley-inspired garden anchoring an airport city that combines aviation, tourism, retail, transport, logistics and urban development.

That ambition, together with its nature-inspired terminal garden, puts Bishoftu in the same conversation as Singapore Changi Airport’s Jewel Forest Valley and The Orchard at Doha’s Hamad International Airport, two of the world’s most celebrated airport gardens.

Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed laid the cornerstone for the airport on January 10, 2026, marking the start of construction on what will become Ethiopian Airlines’ main operating base.

Earthworks worth about $610 million were already under way by January 2026, while major construction was expected to begin in August.

Bishoftu International Airport will initially handle 60 million passengers a year, almost twice the 30.9 million passengers recorded by Cairo International Airport, Africa’s busiest airport, in 2025.

Interestingly, future expansion could raise Bishoftu’s annual capacity beyond 100 million passengers, driven by Ethiopia’s growing tourism, trade, diaspora travel and transfer traffic to support that rise.

The first phase, expected to be completed in 2032, will provide about 660,000 square metres of terminal space, four runways and parking positions for 270 aircraft.

Meanwhile, the surrounding airport city will occupy 61 hectares and contain nearly 800,000 square metres of planned buildings.

The project’s estimated cost rose from between $7.8 billion and $10 billion to about $12.5 billion by the January 2026 groundbreaking as its scope expanded.

Ethiopian Airlines plans to finance 30% of the project, while development banks, commercial lenders and private investors will provide the balance.

The airport’s design story began in 2024, when Ethiopian Airlines launched a global search for a team to shape its master plan, airfield, terminal and airport city.

Dar Al-Handasah, known as DAR, won the contract and became the lead consultant.

Zaha Hadid Architects took charge of the terminal’s architecture, interiors and functional planning, drawing on experience from Beijing Daxing International Airport and other major aviation projects.

The firm was founded by Baghdad-born Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid, the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2004, whose London-based practice has carried on her futuristic design legacy since her death in 2016.

At Bishoftu, the architects have drawn heavily from Ethiopia’s geography, climate and history.

The terminal’s central green spine will recreate parts of the Great Rift Valley, a region associated with some of the earliest evidence of human life.

The concept invokes Ethiopia’s identity as the “Cradle of Humanity”. Lucy, the famous early hominid fossil discovered in Ethiopia, is about 3.2 million years old.

“The Great Rift Valley is reimagined as a lush outdoor garden accessible year-round,” Zaha Hadid Architects told architecture and design magazine Domus.

The garden will stretch from the airside section through arrivals, departures, transfer areas and the landside entrance.

Passengers will be able to walk on grass, sit on rocks, experience streams of water and shelter beneath trees rescued during construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects says it will be the world’s only publicly accessible garden flowing through an airport.

The airport’s most striking feature will be the Central Beacon.

Its exterior height will be capped at 45 metres to comply with International Civil Aviation Organisation aerodrome height limits.

Inside, however, the atrium will rise 60 metres, making it the tallest airport atrium in the world, according to the designers.

The atrium will rise past several CIP lounge levels towards a glazed roof or, as the designers describe it, “quite literally, towards Cloud 9 and the sky beyond”.

Passengers from all travel classes will pass through the same multilevel space, where exposed lifts and escalators connect arrival, departure and transfer floors beneath a glazed roof.

Importantly, the Central Beacon will do more than create visual impact.

It will work as a solar chimney. Hot air will rise through the atrium, drawing cooler air from the central garden into the lower levels.

Similarly, staggered roof sections will encourage natural ventilation, create shade and reduce heat inside the terminal.

Rainwater collected from the roofs will be stored in underground tanks and used for greywater operations during dry periods.

The airport is targeting a US Green Building Council LEED Gold environmental performance rating.

Its designers plan to combine passive cooling, local materials and Design for Manufacturing and Assembly methods.

Nevertheless, Bishoftu is not being built only for architectural prestige.

Ethiopian Airlines needs a larger and more efficient base because Addis Ababa Bole International Airport has little room left for expansion.

The airport is surrounded by urban development and already handles more than 25 million passengers a year.

Bole sits about 2,300 metres above sea level, where thinner air can limit fuel, passengers or cargo on long flights, while Bishoftu lies almost 400 metres lower.

Combined with longer runways, the lower elevation will allow aircraft to take off closer to their maximum weight with full loads of passengers, cargo and fuel.

Consequently, Ethiopian Airlines could reduce fuel stops on routes such as New York and eventually explore direct flights to Los Angeles and Australia, where large Ethiopian and African diaspora communities live.

Bishoftu will support an operation in which transfer passengers could account for as much as 80% of traffic during the initial phase.

A proposed high-speed railway, new highways, buses, taxis and tram services will connect the airport to Addis Ababa and Bole Airport.

The airport city is expected to create jobs, attract investment and generate income beyond passenger and cargo operations.

For Ethiopia, the project is both an answer to Bole Airport’s limitations and a statement of what Africa can achieve when finance is put to good use.